In this presentation, Robert Mwanga explained the meaning of heterosis and heterotic increments and outlined some of the work that has already been published on this subject. He briefly reviewed heterosis breeding studies at CIP over the past 10 years, and presented current thinking on strategies for the way forward. He described in detail the activities that have been undertaken to separate populations into heterotic groups for practical exploitation of heterosis in African breeding populations at the regional sweetpotato breeding support platforms in Uganda, Mozambique, and Ghana.