This chapter addresses the question “Can smallholder livestock production systems in developing countries be transformed to take advantage of the increasing demand for meat?”, a question that has been posed by many authors. The chapter presents site description, research process and used in Ea Kar, and the results followed by a discussion crafted around the question, Can developing-country crop–livestock systems be transformed to address the increasing demand for meat or will integrated smallholder systems be replaced by intensive industrial production systems?